Supaul is the district headquarters of Supaul district in the state of Bihar, India. Previously a part of the larger Saharsa district, Supaul was carved out as a separate district and has since grown into an important administrative centre in the Koshi region. The town is popularly known as the "Gateway of the Koshi Region" due to its strategic location along the major transport routes connecting the northeastern districts of Bihar.

As the district headquarters, Supaul houses the District Collectorate, Civil Courts, government offices, District Hospital, banks, post offices, and a range of educational institutions. The town serves as the primary administrative and commercial hub for the surrounding rural areas. The name "Supaul" is believed to have been derived from Sanskrit — "su" meaning good and "aul" meaning place — reflecting the town's historical significance as a favourable settlement in the region.

Supaul is part of the historic Mithila region, which has deep cultural and literary roots stretching back to the Vedic era. The region was historically associated with the Videha Kingdom, whose kings were known as the Janakas. The regional language is Maithili, spoken alongside Hindi. Supaul has a population of approximately 65,000 and is well connected via National Highway 107, which links the town to Saharsa, Madhepura, and other important centres in the Koshi Division.

Key places in Supaul include the District Collectorate complex, Civil Court premises, the bustling local markets, and the town's commercial centre along the main road. Auto-rickshaws, shared vehicles, and buses connect Supaul to Simrahi regularly, making it easily accessible for guests staying at Pushkar Guest House. The drive from Simrahi to Supaul takes approximately 45 minutes via the well-maintained district road network.